Economic communities in Poland are in many aspects highly diverse and fragmented, which reduces their political influence and social impact.

The last quarter of the century in Central Europe is one of the most spectacular examples of triumph of idea over matter. It was made possible because the elites recognized reforms as their historic…

It is likely that the Turkish economy will suffer from serious structural defects in the coming years. The reforms are over and no one expects massive influx of foreign funds as before.

Russia is only the 8th largest export partner of Lithuania after Germany, Latvia, Estonia, UK, Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. This implies that trade disruptions with Russia would have comparably…

Russian economy is entering a recession caused primarily by domestic political factors. The overall costs of Putin’s Ukrainian adventure may be estimated at not less than 1.5 percent of the country’s…

Russian aggression in Ukraine has shown that in Eastern matters Poland takes the same position as Romania, but differs significantly from the Visegrad Group countries. This community of interests…

The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia have to decide if they want to be a player or just four more tennis balls. If the latter, they will be easily played by both domestic radicals and…

Russia’s actions in Ukraine surprised the West. Although they were based on known strategies, the scale and the simultaneous operationalization of asymmetric methods was something new.

It seems that Vladimir Putin and his associates fell victims to their own propaganda. A simple fact that many members of the Ukrainian government, as well as the volunteers fighting the terrorists in…

Over the past two years Russia’s relations with Serbia and Republika Srpska in Bosnia have witnessed a significant turn, the scale of which often remains unnoticed in the West.